Heterotopic ossification (HO) is associated with many factors, such as trauma, burns, rare congenital diseases, brain and spinal cord injuries (SCI).  In this study we reviewed the literature about Neurogenic Heterotopic Ossification (NHO), especially due to Spinal Cord Injury (SCI). Although the etiology remains unclear, it is well studied that there is a correlation between triggered factors, progenitor cells and differentiation of the cells into cartilage and bone. NHO has been described less than other types of HO, since all studies on humans are retrospective and the experimental animals are usually genetically modified and no spinal cord injured. On the other hand, NSAIDS and irradiation remain the basic conservative treatments of HO, new molecular therapies are studied. Furthermore, it is stated that common pathophysiological mechanisms are lead to different types of HO and this is the base of the new molecular therapies. This review provides an overview of the understanding of NHO pathophysiology, conceivable treatments and possible therapeutic targets. However, in all types of HO they have been described common pathological mechanisms and for this reason will point out findings from studies featuring HO that may have similarities to NHO.